De minimis thresholds by state

Almost every producer asks the same question first: am I too small to be covered? The answer turns on two things that are easy to conflate. One is the number. The other is whether the two tests are joined by AND or by OR, which decides whether meeting one of them is enough. Minnesota uses AND, so both conditions must hold. Most other states use OR, so either one qualifies you.

StateThresholdTest logicHow relief works
Oregon <1 ton OR <$5M global revenueverified July 26, 2026 OR logic. Either test qualifies. Automatic where the test is met. A tiered flat fee is available above it.
Colorado <1 ton OR <~$5.5M global revenueverified July 26, 2026 OR logic. Either test qualifies. Automatic where the test is met.
California <$1M CA gross sales, must applyverified July 26, 2026 Revenue only Application required. This is a formal exemption you must apply for, not an automatic switch.
Maine <1 ton OR <~$2M revenueverified July 26, 2026 OR logic. Either test qualifies. Statutory. Mechanics follow once a Stewardship Organization is under contract.
Minnesota <1 ton AND <$2M revenue (both must be met)verified July 26, 2026 AND logic. Both tests must be met. Automatic where both tests are met.
Maryland <1 ton OR <$2M global revenueverified July 26, 2026 OR logic. Either test qualifies. Automatic where the test is met; MDE publishes an exempt producer determination form.
Washington <$5M revenue (effective Jan 1, 2031)verified July 26, 2026 Revenue only Automatic where the test is met, but not until 2031.

The two mistakes that cost the most

Assuming California relief is automatic. It is not. Sub-$1M producers must formally apply for the exemption. A producer that reads the $1M line as an applicability switch and files nothing stays obligated, and California carries the highest penalty exposure of any state at $50,000 per day per violation. This is the single most commonly repeated error in vendor-published guidance.

Reading Minnesota as OR logic. Minnesota requires both under one ton AND under $2M in revenue. A producer that clears only one of the two is covered. Guidance that describes this as an either-or test understates who is obligated.

One more worth diarying: Washington's $5M threshold does not take effect until January 1, 2031. Small producers are not exempt in Washington during the program's start years.

Oregon de minimis threshold

Confirmed

Threshold: <1 ton OR <$5M global revenue. Test logic: OR logic. Either test qualifies.. How relief works: Automatic where the test is met. A tiered flat fee is available above it.

Meeting either the tonnage test or the revenue test is enough, so a producer above one ton but under $5M global revenue still qualifies. Oregon is also the only state with a published flat-fee alternative for producers who sit just above the exemption. Under ORS 459A.884(6) and the CAA 2026 Oregon Producer Fee Schedule, producers with gross revenues under $10 million supplying more than five metric tons into Oregon, or the reverse, may elect a flat fee instead of per-pound reporting: $1,200 for 1 to 2.5 metric tons, $2,500 for 2.5 to 5, $4,100 for 5 to 7.5, and $5,800 for 7.5 to 10. The two lowest tiers are also open to producers above $10 million in gross revenue.

Full Oregon exemptions →

Colorado de minimis threshold

Signaled

Threshold: <1 ton OR <~$5.5M global revenue. Test logic: OR logic. Either test qualifies.. How relief works: Automatic where the test is met.

Colorado also has an open rulemaking on Section 1.8 covering producer responsibility authorization and the dollar limit exemption, so this threshold may move.

Full Colorado exemptions →

California de minimis threshold

Confirmed

Threshold: <$1M CA gross sales, must apply. Test logic: Revenue only. How relief works: Application required. This is a formal exemption you must apply for, not an automatic switch.

California is the trap. A producer under $1M in California gross sales is not automatically out; it must apply for the exemption. Sub-threshold producers that assume they can ignore the program remain obligated. California also offers three compliance pathways: join CAA, form an independent PRO, or file individually through PEPRS.

Full California exemptions →

Maine de minimis threshold

Signaled

Threshold: <1 ton OR <~$2M revenue. Test logic: OR logic. Either test qualifies.. How relief works: Statutory. Mechanics follow once a Stewardship Organization is under contract.

Maine has not selected a Stewardship Organization yet, so the registration mechanism that would apply the exemption does not exist yet.

Full Maine exemptions →

Minnesota de minimis threshold

Confirmed

Threshold: <1 ton AND <$2M revenue (both must be met). Test logic: AND logic. Both tests must be met.. How relief works: Automatic where both tests are met.

Minnesota is the strictest of the seven and the most misread. Because both conditions must hold, a producer under one ton but over $2M in revenue is obligated, and so is a producer under $2M that ships more than a ton. Vendors routinely describe this as OR logic, which understates who is covered.

Full Minnesota exemptions →

Maryland de minimis threshold

Signaled

Threshold: <1 ton OR <$2M global revenue. Test logic: OR logic. Either test qualifies.. How relief works: Automatic where the test is met; MDE publishes an exempt producer determination form.

MDE posted a compliance guide and an exempt producer determination form in June 2026 under COMAR 26.04.14.

Full Maryland exemptions →

Washington de minimis threshold

Signaled

Threshold: <$5M revenue (effective Jan 1, 2031). Test logic: Revenue only. How relief works: Automatic where the test is met, but not until 2031.

Washington is the one to diary. The $5M threshold does not take effect until January 1, 2031, so a small producer is not exempt during the program start years.

Full Washington exemptions →

If you are over the threshold

Being covered is the start, not the end. Your fee depends on what you sell and how recoverable it is, and the levers are mostly design levers. Estimate your exposure in the EPR fee calculator, check the reporting deadlines for your states, then look at how rates differ by material before deciding what to change.

Frequently asked questions

What is the de minimis exemption for packaging EPR?
A small producer threshold that relieves the smallest companies from producer obligations. Thresholds are set per state and typically combine a tonnage test, often one ton of covered material, with a revenue test ranging from $1M to $5.5M. Whether meeting one test is enough depends on whether the state uses AND or OR logic.
Am I exempt from California SB 54 if I make under $1 million?
Not automatically. California requires a formal application for the exemption. A producer under $1M in California gross sales that does not apply remains obligated, and California penalties reach $50,000 per day per violation. This differs from most other states, where relief applies automatically once the test is met.
What is the Minnesota EPR small producer threshold?
Under one ton of covered material AND under $2M in gross revenue. Both conditions must be met. Minnesota uses AND logic, unlike Oregon, Colorado, Maine and Maryland, which use OR logic. A producer under one ton but over $2M in revenue is covered.
Does the small producer exemption apply in every state?
Every enacted state has one, but the thresholds, the test logic, and the effective dates differ. Washington is the outlier: its $5M revenue threshold does not take effect until January 1, 2031, so small producers are not exempt in Washington in the meantime.